Politics encompasses a broad spectrum of activities, institutions, and processes that govern societies. From international diplomacy to local governance, the major fields of politics each play a critical role in shaping the way we live and interact with one another. .

1. International Relations

International relations (IR) refers to the behaviour of states and the nature of the processes that are involved and shape interactions between those states. This field covers diplomacy and relations, negotiation and peace, trade and business across borders international relations and governance. Key issues in international relations include:Key issues in international relations include:

Diplomacy and Foreign Policy: Political relationships that existing between state and business concerns the manner in which international cooperate or interact in order to arrive at certain agreement such as treaties, trade agreements among others.
Global Security: Issues of defence and strategic security at national and international levels such as war and peace, terrorism and arms control.
International Organizations: Organisations which provide an international forum like United Nations, NATO, WTO and other international bodies that aim to meet international problems.

International relations should be studied to comprehend how international policies are influenced by the distribution of power globally and, therefore, how the globe is influenced.

2. Domestic Politics

Domestic politics is the politics involving internal affair of the country and political activities in the country. It is the system of political organization that is responsible for the administration of public affairs and the making and the executing of polices. Major aspects of domestic politics include:Major aspects of domestic politics include:

Political Institutions: The relation between executive, legislative and judicial systems of a country. This includes getting an insight on how laws are passed, applied as well as the provisions that relate to them.
Political Parties and Elections: Political Parties, Election Systems and the process of Election. Government Leadership and Power this field focuses on how parties get to the power and how elections are a determinant of the leadership.
Public Policy: The evolution of policies as well as their effects on matters including but not limited to health, learning and welfare. These comprehensively relate to the evaluation of policies, as well as the involvement of government in the provision of services.

Domestic politics is important in explaining the creation of policies and how they are likely to affect the citizens.

3. Comparative Politics

Comparative politics concerned the systematic comparison of political structures, organizations and functions across nations. This field aims at having variables that will allow it to examine similarities and differences in political processes and results. Key areas include:

Political Systems: The examination of various types of political systems including, democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian systems. This entails the ability to appreciate how some systems work and the advantages and drawbacks whenever.
Political Culture: The scientific investigation of the beliefs, values and their practice in relation to politics across societies. This include; culture impact on political participation and culture impact on governance.
Political Development: JEL Classification: P10 The analysis of the dynamic nature of political structures and institutions, and processes such as democratization, state formation and political change.

Comparative politics gives understanding of how political systems function, and how they can manage their interactions and relations.

4. Public Administration

Public administration also concerns with the execution and administration of policies and programmes of the government. This field is concerned with the management and effectiveness of public organisations and services. Key topics include:

Administrative Processes: The set of activities used in the efficient utilisation of public resources in the provision of services, and in accountability.
Public Sector Management: The political skills and management problems of operating government agencies, personnel administration and management, budget and finance control, and organizational behaviour.
Policy Implementation: The main process of Implementation of the policies and the evaluation of the effectiveness/impact or otherwise of these processes/outcomes.

Thus, public administration plays a pivotal role of making sure government policies are implemented properly so as to on the other hand, public service delivers on the citizen’s expectations.

5. Political Theory

Political theory is hence defined as the study of political thoughts and ideas. It entails the study of the recorded political ideas, principles and values which determine the political systems and behaviour. Major themes include:

Political Philosophy: A branch or philosophical area concerned with basic matters that define justice, rights and political power. This incorporates analyzing theories of democracy, liberty, and equality.
Ideologies: The analysis of the so called political philosophies of liberalism, conservatism, socialism, nationalism and others. This includes comprehending the knowledge on political ideologies such as liberalism, conservatism and other political beliefs and policies.
Normative Theory: The discussion of the works as they should be rather than as they are, including the controversies as to the best type of a government and political organisations.

Political theory reveals certain fundamentals that are inherent in the decisions-making processes and in the governance of the polity.

6. Political Economy

Political economy on the other hand concerns itself with the interaction between politics and economy, with an interest on how political factors impact on economic issues. Key areas include:

Economic Policy: The study focusing on the areas of taxation, expenditure, imports and exports and legislation. This is in relation to understanding how structures of policies of the economy affect the growth, inequitable distribution of wealth, and development.
Global Trade: It is the system of interaction between nations of business by means of import, export, cooperation, treaties, etc. This includes the impacts of globalisation on the national economy.
Economic Institutions: The formation and functioning of the economic policy and the elements of the economic performance through the agencies in the form of central banks, regulatory apparatus, and international financial organizations.

As a field of study, political economy is quite important in the assessment of the effects of politic on economics and vice versa